Resolving the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Error in Windows XP

The DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error, identified by the code 0x000000D1 in Windows XP, typically arises from problematic or outdated drivers. Follow these guidelines to address the issue:

1. Initiate a system reboot: Often, simply restarting your computer can rectify this problem.
2. Update your drivers: Ensure your device drivers are up-to-date by visiting the manufacturer's website and downloading the latest versions.
3. Revert to previous drivers: If the error emerged after a recent driver update, consider reverting to an earlier driver version.
4. Inspect hardware functionality: Perform a hardware diagnostic test to uncover any issues with your computer's hardware.
5. Uninstall new software: If the error coincides with the installation of new software, removing it may resolve the issue.
6. Conduct a malware scan: Infections can lead to this error. Run a comprehensive malware scan to detect and remove threats.
7. Test for RAM defects: Faulty RAM is another potential cause of this error. Utilize a memory diagnostic tool to check for problems.